Jokhang - Wikipedia. The Jokhang (Tibetan: .
Tibetans, in general, consider this temple as the most sacred and important temple in Tibet. The temple is currently maintained by the Gelug school, but they accept worshipers from all sects of Buddhism. The temple's architectural style is a mixture of Indian vihara design, Tibetan and Nepalese design. The Jokhang was founded during the reign of King Songtsen Gampo. According to tradition, the temple was built for the king's two brides: Princess Wencheng of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Princess Bhrikuti of Nepal. Il travaille notamment avec Gaston Baty et Jean Cocteau dont il cr. The System Grandmaster Willem Reeders Family History Life and Training As a Teacher Liu Seong Gung Fu This system is based on a combination of Chinese and Indonesian martial arts as taught by Grandmaster Willem Reeders (Liu Seong). Judy Lee (marketed as the female Bruce Lee) plays Ping Erh, a young woman who teaches herself a variation of kung-fu known as Crane-style—against the wishes of her father, a master of shaolin kung fu (the oldest institutionalized form of kung fu and practiced by. The Jokhang temple covers an area of 2.51 hectares (6.2 acres). When it was built during the seventh century, it had eight rooms on two floors to house scriptures and sculptures of the Buddha. The temple had brick-lined floors, columns and door frames and. Both are said to have brought important Buddhist statues and images from China and Nepal to Tibet, which were housed here, as part of their dowries. The oldest part of the temple was built in 6. In the next 9. 00 years the temple was enlarged several times with the last renovation done in 1. Fifth Dalai Lama. Following the death of Gampo, the image in Ramcho Lake temple was moved to the Jokhang temple for security reasons. When King Tresang Detsan ruled from 7. Buddha image of the Jokhang temple was hidden, as the king's minister was hostile to the spread of Buddhism in Tibet. During the late ninth and early tenth centuries, the Jokhang and Ramoche temples were said to have been used as stables. In 1. 04. 9 Atisha, a renowned teacher of Buddhism from Bengal taught in Jokhang. Around the 1. 4th century, the temple was associated with the Vajrasana in India. In the 1. 8th century the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, following the Gorkha- Tibetan war in 1. Nepalese to visit this temple and it became an exclusive place of worship for the Tibetans. During the Chinese development of Lhasa, the Barkhor Square in front of the temple was encroached. During the Cultural Revolution, Red Guards attacked the Jokhang temple in 1. Renovation of the Jokhang took place from 1. In 2. 00. 0, the Jokhang became a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site as an extension of the Potala Palace (a World Heritage Site since 1. Many Nepalese artists have worked on the temple's design and construction. Location. It is the focal point of commercial activity in the city, with a maze of streets radiating from it. The Jokhang is 1,0. Potala Palace. Barkhor, the market square in central Lhasa, has a walkway for pilgrims to walk around the temple (which takes about 2. Barkhor Square is marked by four stone sankang (incense burners), two of which are in front of the temple and two in the rear. Etymology. When King Songtsen built the temple his capital city was known as Rasa (. After the king's death, Rasa became known as Lhasa (Place of the Gods); the temple was called Jokhang. The Jokhnag's Chinese name is Dazhao; it is also known as Zuglagkang, Qoikang Monastery and Tsuglhakhange. History. To thwart her evil intentions, King Songtsen Gampo (the first king of a unified Tibet). The temples were built in three stages. In the first stage central Tibet was covered with four temples, known as the . Four more temples, (mtha'dul), were built in the outer areas in the second stage; the last four, the yang'dul, were built on the country's frontiers. The Jokhag temple was finally built in the heart of the srin ma, ensuring her subjugation. To forge ties with neighboring Nepal, Songtsen Gampo sent envoys to King Amsuvarman seeking his daughter's hand in marriage and the king accepted. His daughter, Bhrikuti, came to Tibet as the king's Nepalese wife (tritsun; belsa in Tibetan). The image of Akshobhya Buddha (or Mikyoba), which she had brought as part of her dowry, was deified in a temple in the middle of a lake known as Ramoche. Gampo, wishing to obtain a second wife from China, sent his ambassador to Emperor Taizong (6. Taizong rejected the king's proposal, considering Tibetans . This infuriated Gampo, who mounted attacks on tribal areas affiliated with the Tang dynasty and then attacked the Tang city of Songzhou. Telling the emperor that he would escalate his aggression unless the emperor agreed to his proposal, Gampo sent a conciliatory gift of a gold- studded . Taizong conceded, giving Princess Wencheng to the Tibetan king. When Wencheng went to Tibet in 6. Chinese wife of the king (known as Gyasa in Tibet), she brought an image of Sakyamuni Buddha as a young prince. The image was deified in a temple originally named Trulnang, which became the Jokhang. The temple became the holiest shrine in Tibet and the image, known as Jowo Rinpoche, has become the country's most- revered idol. The oldest part of the temple was built in 6. Songtsen Gampo. To find a location for the temple, the king reportedly tossed his hat (a ring in another version) ahead of him with a promise to build a temple where the hat landed. It landed in a lake, where a white stupa (memorial monument) suddenly emerged over which the temple was built. In another version of the legend, Queen Bhrikuti founded the temple to install the statue she had brought and Queen Wencheng selected the site according to Chinese geomancy and feng shui. Over the next nine centuries, the temple was enlarged; its last renovation was carried out in 1. Fifth Dalai Lama. The temple's design and construction are attributed to Nepalese craftsmen. After Songtsen Gampo's death, Queen Wencheng reportedly moved the statue of Jowo from the Ramoche temple to the Jokhang temple to secure it from Chinese attack. The part of the temple known as the Chapel was the hiding place of the Jowo Sakyamuni. During the reign of King Tresang Detsan from 7. Buddhists were persecuted because the king's minister, Marshang Zongbagyi (a devotee of Bon), was hostile to Buddhism. During this time the image of Akshobya Buddha in the Jokhang temple was hidden underground, reportedly 2. The images in the Jokhang and Ramoche temples were moved to Jizong in Ngari, and the monks were persecuted and driven from Jokhang. In 1. 04. 9 Atisha, a renowned teacher of Buddhism from Bengal who taught in Jokhang and died in 1. It is said that the image of Buddha deified in the Jokhang is the 1. Buddha earlier located in the Bodh Gaya Temple in India, indicating . Tibetans call Jokhang the . The period, lasting for more than a century, has been called . Pilgrimages outside the country were forbidden for Tibetans, and the Qianlong Emperor suggested that it would be equally effective to worship the Jowo Buddha at the Jokhang. In Chinese development of Lhasa, Barkhor Square was encroached when the walkway around the temple was destroyed. An inner walkway was converted into a plaza, leaving only a short walkway as a pilgrimage route. In the square, religious objects related to the pilgrimage are sold. During the Cultural Revolution, Red Guards attacked the Jokhang in 1. Tibetan monasteries. Renovation of the Jokhang began in 1. After this and the end of persecution, the temple was re- consecrated. It is now visited by a large number of Tibetans, who come to worship Jowo in the temple's inner sanctum. During the Revolution, the temple was spared destruction and was reportedly boarded up until 1. At that time, portions of the Jokhang reportedly housed pigs, a slaughterhouse and Chinese army barracks. Soldiers burned historic Tibetan scriptures. For a time, it was a hotel. Two flagstonedoring (inscribed pillars) outside the temple, flanking its north and south entrances, are worshiped by Tibetans. The first monument, a March 1. The second, far older, pillar is 5. The tablet has a number of names; . Both inscriptions were enclosed by brick walls when Barkhor Square was developed in 1. The Sino- Tibetan treaty reads, . All to the east is the country of Great China; and all to the west is, without question, the country of Great Tibet. Henceforth on neither side shall there be waging of war nor seizing of territory. If any person incurs suspicion he shall be arrested; his business shall be inquired into and he shall be escorted back. The image was in the temple for 1. Songtsen Gampo died his soul was believed to have entered the small wooden statue. During the Cultural Revolution, the clay image was smashed and the smaller Buddha was given by a Tibetan to the Dalai Lama. In 2. 00. 0, the Jokhang became a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site as an extension of the Potala Palace (a World Heritage Site since 1. When it was built during the seventh century, it had eight rooms on two floors to house scriptures and sculptures of the Buddha. The temple had brick- lined floors, columns and door frames and carvings made of wood. During the Tubo period, there was conflict between followers of Buddhism and the indigenous Bon religion. Changes in dynastic rule affected the Jokhang Monastery; after 1. Ming dynasty, many improvements were made to the temple. The second and third floors of the Buddha Hall and the annex buildings were built during the 1. The main hall is the four- story Buddha Hall. The temple has an east- west orientation, facing Nepal to the west in honour of Princess Bhrikuti. Additionally, the monastery's main gate faces west. The Jokhang is aligned along an axis, beginning with an arch gate and followed by the Buddha Hall, an enclosed passage, a cloister, atriums and a hostel for the lamas (monks). Inside the entrance are four . The main shrine is on the ground floor. On the first floor are murals, residences for the monks and a private room for the Dalai Lama, and there are residences for the monks and chapels on all four sides of the shrine. The temple is made of wood and stone. Its architecture features the Tibetan Buddhist style, with influences from China, Indian vihara design and Nepal. A porch leads to the open courtyard, which is two concentric circles with two temples: one in the outer circle and another in the inner circle. The outer circle has a circular path, with a number of large prayer wheels (nangkhor); this path leads to the main shrine, which is surrounded by chapels. Only one of the temple murals remains, depicting the arrival of Queen Wencheng and an image of the Buddha. The image, brought by the king's Nepalese wife and initially kept at Ramoche, was moved to Jokhang and kept in the rear center of the inner temple.
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